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<title>class Rack::Sendfile - rack-2.2.8 Documentation</title>
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<h3>Table of Contents</h3>
<ul class="link-list" role="directory">
<li><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Sendfile">Sendfile</a>
<li><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Nginx">Nginx</a>
<li><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-lighttpd">lighttpd</a>
<li><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Apache">Apache</a>
<li><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Mapping+parameter">Mapping parameter</a>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="class-metadata">
<div id="parent-class-section" class="nav-section">
<h3>Parent</h3>
<p class="link">Object
</div>
<!-- Method Quickref -->
<div id="method-list-section" class="nav-section">
<h3>Methods</h3>
<ul class="link-list" role="directory">
<li ><a href="#method-c-new">::new</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-call">#call</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-map_accel_path">#map_accel_path</a>
<li ><a href="#method-i-variation">#variation</a>
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<main role="main" aria-labelledby="class-Rack::Sendfile">
<h1 id="class-Rack::Sendfile" class="class">
class Rack::Sendfile
</h1>
<section class="description">
<h1 id="class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Sendfile"><a href="Sendfile.html"><code>Sendfile</code></a><span><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Sendfile">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h1>
<p>The <a href="Sendfile.html"><code>Sendfile</code></a> middleware intercepts responses whose body is being served from a file and replaces it with a server specific X-Sendfile header. The web server is then responsible for writing the file contents to the client. This can dramatically reduce the amount of work required by the Ruby backend and takes advantage of the web server's optimized file delivery code.</p>
<p>In order to take advantage of this middleware, the response body must respond to <code>to_path</code> and the request must include an X-Sendfile-Type header. <a href="Files.html"><code>Rack::Files</code></a> and other components implement <code>to_path</code> so there's rarely anything you need to do in your application. The X-Sendfile-Type header is typically set in your web servers configuration. The following sections attempt to document</p>
<h3 id="class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Nginx">Nginx<span><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Nginx">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h3>
<p>Nginx supports the X-Accel-Redirect header. This is similar to X-Sendfile but requires parts of the filesystem to be mapped into a private URL hierarchy.</p>
<p>The following example shows the Nginx configuration required to create a private “/files/” area, enable X-Accel-Redirect, and pass the special X-Sendfile-Type and X-Accel-Mapping headers to the backend:</p>
<pre>location ~ /files/(.*) {
internal;
alias /var/www/$1;
}
location / {
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Sendfile-Type X-Accel-Redirect;
proxy_set_header X-Accel-Mapping /var/www/=/files/;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/;
}</pre>
<p>Note that the X-Sendfile-Type header must be set exactly as shown above. The X-Accel-Mapping header should specify the location on the file system, followed by an equals sign (=), followed name of the private URL pattern that it maps to. The middleware performs a simple substitution on the resulting path.</p>
<p>See Also: <a href="https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/xsendfile">www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/xsendfile</a></p>
<h3 id="class-Rack::Sendfile-label-lighttpd">lighttpd<span><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-lighttpd">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h3>
<p>Lighttpd has supported some variation of the X-Sendfile header for some time, although only recent version support X-Sendfile in a reverse proxy configuration.</p>
<pre>$HTTP["host"] == "example.com" {
proxy-core.protocol = "http"
proxy-core.balancer = "round-robin"
proxy-core.backends = (
"127.0.0.1:8000",
"127.0.0.1:8001",
...
)
proxy-core.allow-x-sendfile = "enable"
proxy-core.rewrite-request = (
"X-Sendfile-Type" => (".*" => "X-Sendfile")
)
}</pre>
<p>See Also: <a href="http://redmine.lighttpd.net/wiki/lighttpd/Docs:ModProxyCore">redmine.lighttpd.net/wiki/lighttpd/Docs:ModProxyCore</a></p>
<h3 id="class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Apache">Apache<span><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Apache">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h3>
<p>X-Sendfile is supported under Apache 2.x using a separate module:</p>
<p><a href="https://tn123.org/mod_xsendfile">tn123.org/mod_xsendfile</a>/</p>
<p>Once the module is compiled and installed, you can enable it using XSendFile config directive:</p>
<pre>RequestHeader Set X-Sendfile-Type X-Sendfile
ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8001/
XSendFile on</pre>
<h3 id="class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Mapping+parameter">Mapping parameter<span><a href="#class-Rack::Sendfile-label-Mapping+parameter">¶</a> <a href="#top">↑</a></span></h3>
<p>The third parameter allows for an overriding extension of the X-Accel-Mapping header. Mappings should be provided in tuples of internal to external. The internal values may contain regular expression syntax, they will be matched with case indifference.</p>
</section>
<section id="5Buntitled-5D" class="documentation-section">
<section id="public-class-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
<header>
<h3>Public Class Methods</h3>
</header>
<div id="method-c-new" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">new</span><span
class="method-args">(app, variation = nil, mappings = [])</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="new-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/sendfile.rb, line 101</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">initialize</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">variation</span> = <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">mappings</span> = [])
<span class="ruby-ivar">@app</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">app</span>
<span class="ruby-ivar">@variation</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">variation</span>
<span class="ruby-ivar">@mappings</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">mappings</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">map</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">internal</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">external</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
[<span class="ruby-regexp">/^#{internal}/i</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">external</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="public-instance-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
<header>
<h3>Public Instance Methods</h3>
</header>
<div id="method-i-call" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">call</span><span
class="method-args">(env)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="call-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/sendfile.rb, line 109</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">status</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">headers</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">body</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@app</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">body</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">respond_to?</span>(<span class="ruby-value">:to_path</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">case</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">type</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">variation</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">when</span> <span class="ruby-string">'X-Accel-Redirect'</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span> = <span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">File</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">expand_path</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">body</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_path</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">url</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">map_accel_path</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">headers</span>[<span class="ruby-constant">CONTENT_LENGTH</span>] = <span class="ruby-string">'0'</span>
<span class="ruby-comment"># '?' must be percent-encoded because it is not query string but a part of path</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">headers</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">type</span>] = <span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Utils</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">escape_path</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">url</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">gsub</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'?'</span>, <span class="ruby-string">'%3F'</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">obody</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">body</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">body</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">BodyProxy</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>([]) <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">obody</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">close</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">obody</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">respond_to?</span>(<span class="ruby-value">:close</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>[<span class="ruby-constant">RACK_ERRORS</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-string">"X-Accel-Mapping header missing"</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">when</span> <span class="ruby-string">'X-Sendfile'</span>, <span class="ruby-string">'X-Lighttpd-Send-File'</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span> = <span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">File</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">expand_path</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">body</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">to_path</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">headers</span>[<span class="ruby-constant">CONTENT_LENGTH</span>] = <span class="ruby-string">'0'</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">headers</span>[<span class="ruby-identifier">type</span>] = <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">obody</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">body</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">body</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Rack</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">BodyProxy</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>([]) <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">obody</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">close</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">obody</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">respond_to?</span>(<span class="ruby-value">:close</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">when</span> <span class="ruby-string">''</span>, <span class="ruby-keyword">nil</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">else</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>[<span class="ruby-constant">RACK_ERRORS</span>].<span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-node">"Unknown x-sendfile variation: '#{type}'.\n"</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
[<span class="ruby-identifier">status</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">headers</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">body</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="private-instance-5Buntitled-5D-method-details" class="method-section">
<header>
<h3>Private Instance Methods</h3>
</header>
<div id="method-i-map_accel_path" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">map_accel_path</span><span
class="method-args">(env, path)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="map_accel_path-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/sendfile.rb, line 149</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">map_accel_path</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span> = <span class="ruby-ivar">@mappings</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">find</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">internal</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">_</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">internal</span> <span class="ruby-operator">=~</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span> }
<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">sub</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">elsif</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>[<span class="ruby-string">'HTTP_X_ACCEL_MAPPING'</span>]
<span class="ruby-identifier">mapping</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(<span class="ruby-string">','</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">map</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">&</span><span class="ruby-value">:strip</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">each</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">do</span> <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">m</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">internal</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">external</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(<span class="ruby-string">'='</span>, <span class="ruby-value">2</span>).<span class="ruby-identifier">map</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">&</span><span class="ruby-value">:strip</span>)
<span class="ruby-identifier">new_path</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">sub</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp">/^#{internal}/i</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">external</span>)
<span class="ruby-keyword">return</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">new_path</span> <span class="ruby-keyword">unless</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">path</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">new_path</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">path</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="method-i-variation" class="method-detail ">
<div class="method-heading">
<span class="method-name">variation</span><span
class="method-args">(env)</span>
<span class="method-click-advice">click to toggle source</span>
</div>
<div class="method-description">
<div class="method-source-code" id="variation-source">
<pre><span class="ruby-comment"># File lib/rack/sendfile.rb, line 143</span>
<span class="ruby-keyword">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier ruby-title">variation</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>)
<span class="ruby-ivar">@variation</span> <span class="ruby-operator">||</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>[<span class="ruby-string">'sendfile.type'</span>] <span class="ruby-operator">||</span>
<span class="ruby-identifier">env</span>[<span class="ruby-string">'HTTP_X_SENDFILE_TYPE'</span>]
<span class="ruby-keyword">end</span></pre>
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