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// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
/*
**********************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2001-2014 IBM and others. All rights reserved.
**********************************************************************
* Date Name Description
* 03/22/2000 helena Creation.
**********************************************************************
*/
#ifndef STSEARCH_H
#define STSEARCH_H
#include "unicode/utypes.h"
#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
/**
* \file
* \brief C++ API: Service for searching text based on RuleBasedCollator.
*/
#if !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION && !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION
#include "unicode/tblcoll.h"
#include "unicode/coleitr.h"
#include "unicode/search.h"
U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
/**
*
* <tt>StringSearch</tt> is a <tt>SearchIterator</tt> that provides
* language-sensitive text searching based on the comparison rules defined
* in a {@link RuleBasedCollator} object.
* StringSearch ensures that language eccentricity can be
* handled, e.g. for the German collator, characters ß and SS will be matched
* if case is chosen to be ignored.
* See the <a href="https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://github.com/unicode-org/icu-docs/blob/main/design/collation/ICU_collation_design.htm">
* "ICU Collation Design Document"</a> for more information.
* <p>
* There are 2 match options for selection:<br>
* Let S' be the sub-string of a text string S between the offsets start and
* end [start, end].
* <br>
* A pattern string P matches a text string S at the offsets [start, end]
* if
* <pre>
* option 1. Some canonical equivalent of P matches some canonical equivalent
* of S'
* option 2. P matches S' and if P starts or ends with a combining mark,
* there exists no non-ignorable combining mark before or after S?
* in S respectively.
* </pre>
* Option 2. will be the default.
* <p>
* This search has APIs similar to that of other text iteration mechanisms
* such as the break iterators in <tt>BreakIterator</tt>. Using these
* APIs, it is easy to scan through text looking for all occurrences of
* a given pattern. This search iterator allows changing of direction by
* calling a <tt>reset</tt> followed by a <tt>next</tt> or <tt>previous</tt>.
* Though a direction change can occur without calling <tt>reset</tt> first,
* this operation comes with some speed penalty.
* Match results in the forward direction will match the result matches in
* the backwards direction in the reverse order
* <p>
* <tt>SearchIterator</tt> provides APIs to specify the starting position
* within the text string to be searched, e.g. <tt>setOffset</tt>,
* <tt>preceding</tt> and <tt>following</tt>. Since the
* starting position will be set as it is specified, please take note that
* there are some danger points which the search may render incorrect
* results:
* <ul>
* <li> The midst of a substring that requires normalization.
* <li> If the following match is to be found, the position should not be the
* second character which requires to be swapped with the preceding
* character. Vice versa, if the preceding match is to be found,
* position to search from should not be the first character which
* requires to be swapped with the next character. E.g certain Thai and
* Lao characters require swapping.
* <li> If a following pattern match is to be found, any position within a
* contracting sequence except the first will fail. Vice versa if a
* preceding pattern match is to be found, a invalid starting point
* would be any character within a contracting sequence except the last.
* </ul>
* <p>
* A <tt>BreakIterator</tt> can be used if only matches at logical breaks are desired.
* Using a <tt>BreakIterator</tt> will only give you results that exactly matches the
* boundaries given by the breakiterator. For instance the pattern "e" will
* not be found in the string "\u00e9" if a character break iterator is used.
* <p>
* Options are provided to handle overlapping matches.
* E.g. In English, overlapping matches produces the result 0 and 2
* for the pattern "abab" in the text "ababab", where else mutually
* exclusive matches only produce the result of 0.
* <p>
* Though collator attributes will be taken into consideration while
* performing matches, there are no APIs here for setting and getting the
* attributes. These attributes can be set by getting the collator
* from <tt>getCollator</tt> and using the APIs in <tt>coll.h</tt>.
* Lastly to update <tt>StringSearch</tt> to the new collator attributes,
* <tt>reset</tt> has to be called.
* <p>
* Restriction: <br>
* Currently there are no composite characters that consists of a
* character with combining class > 0 before a character with combining
* class == 0. However, if such a character exists in the future,
* <tt>StringSearch</tt> does not guarantee the results for option 1.
* <p>
* Consult the <tt>SearchIterator</tt> documentation for information on
* and examples of how to use instances of this class to implement text
* searching.
* <pre><code>
* UnicodeString target("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
* UnicodeString pattern("fox");
*
* UErrorCode error = U_ZERO_ERROR;
* StringSearch iter(pattern, target, Locale::getUS(), nullptr, status);
* for (int pos = iter.first(error);
* pos != USEARCH_DONE;
* pos = iter.next(error))
* {
* printf("Found match at %d pos, length is %d\n", pos, iter.getMatchedLength());
* }
* </code></pre>
* <p>
* Note, <tt>StringSearch</tt> is not to be subclassed.
* </p>
* @see SearchIterator
* @see RuleBasedCollator
* @since ICU 2.0
*/
class U_I18N_API StringSearch final : public SearchIterator
{
public:
// public constructors and destructors --------------------------------
/**
* Creating a <tt>StringSearch</tt> instance using the argument locale
* language rule set. A collator will be created in the process, which
* will be owned by this instance and will be deleted during
* destruction
* @param pattern The text for which this object will search.
* @param text The text in which to search for the pattern.
* @param locale A locale which defines the language-sensitive
* comparison rules used to determine whether text in the
* pattern and target matches.
* @param breakiter A <tt>BreakIterator</tt> object used to constrain
* the matches that are found. Matches whose start and end
* indices in the target text are not boundaries as
* determined by the <tt>BreakIterator</tt> are
* ignored. If this behavior is not desired,
* <tt>nullptr</tt> can be passed in instead.
* @param status for errors if any. If pattern or text is nullptr, or if
* either the length of pattern or text is 0 then an
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
StringSearch(const UnicodeString &pattern, const UnicodeString &text,
const Locale &locale,
BreakIterator *breakiter,
UErrorCode &status);
/**
* Creating a <tt>StringSearch</tt> instance using the argument collator
* language rule set. Note, user retains the ownership of this collator,
* it does not get destroyed during this instance's destruction.
* @param pattern The text for which this object will search.
* @param text The text in which to search for the pattern.
* @param coll A <tt>RuleBasedCollator</tt> object which defines
* the language-sensitive comparison rules used to
* determine whether text in the pattern and target
* matches. User is responsible for the clearing of this
* object.
* @param breakiter A <tt>BreakIterator</tt> object used to constrain
* the matches that are found. Matches whose start and end
* indices in the target text are not boundaries as
* determined by the <tt>BreakIterator</tt> are
* ignored. If this behavior is not desired,
* <tt>nullptr</tt> can be passed in instead.
* @param status for errors if any. If either the length of pattern or
* text is 0 then an U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
StringSearch(const UnicodeString &pattern,
const UnicodeString &text,
RuleBasedCollator *coll,
BreakIterator *breakiter,
UErrorCode &status);
/**
* Creating a <tt>StringSearch</tt> instance using the argument locale
* language rule set. A collator will be created in the process, which
* will be owned by this instance and will be deleted during
* destruction
* <p>
* Note: No parsing of the text within the <tt>CharacterIterator</tt>
* will be done during searching for this version. The block of text
* in <tt>CharacterIterator</tt> will be used as it is.
* @param pattern The text for which this object will search.
* @param text The text iterator in which to search for the pattern.
* @param locale A locale which defines the language-sensitive
* comparison rules used to determine whether text in the
* pattern and target matches. User is responsible for
* the clearing of this object.
* @param breakiter A <tt>BreakIterator</tt> object used to constrain
* the matches that are found. Matches whose start and end
* indices in the target text are not boundaries as
* determined by the <tt>BreakIterator</tt> are
* ignored. If this behavior is not desired,
* <tt>nullptr</tt> can be passed in instead.
* @param status for errors if any. If either the length of pattern or
* text is 0 then an U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
StringSearch(const UnicodeString &pattern, CharacterIterator &text,
const Locale &locale,
BreakIterator *breakiter,
UErrorCode &status);
/**
* Creating a <tt>StringSearch</tt> instance using the argument collator
* language rule set. Note, user retains the ownership of this collator,
* it does not get destroyed during this instance's destruction.
* <p>
* Note: No parsing of the text within the <tt>CharacterIterator</tt>
* will be done during searching for this version. The block of text
* in <tt>CharacterIterator</tt> will be used as it is.
* @param pattern The text for which this object will search.
* @param text The text in which to search for the pattern.
* @param coll A <tt>RuleBasedCollator</tt> object which defines
* the language-sensitive comparison rules used to
* determine whether text in the pattern and target
* matches. User is responsible for the clearing of this
* object.
* @param breakiter A <tt>BreakIterator</tt> object used to constrain
* the matches that are found. Matches whose start and end
* indices in the target text are not boundaries as
* determined by the <tt>BreakIterator</tt> are
* ignored. If this behavior is not desired,
* <tt>nullptr</tt> can be passed in instead.
* @param status for errors if any. If either the length of pattern or
* text is 0 then an U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
StringSearch(const UnicodeString &pattern, CharacterIterator &text,
RuleBasedCollator *coll,
BreakIterator *breakiter,
UErrorCode &status);
/**
* Copy constructor that creates a StringSearch instance with the same
* behavior, and iterating over the same text.
* @param that StringSearch instance to be copied.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
StringSearch(const StringSearch &that);
/**
* Destructor. Cleans up the search iterator data struct.
* If a collator is created in the constructor, it will be destroyed here.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual ~StringSearch(void);
/**
* Clone this object.
* Clones can be used concurrently in multiple threads.
* If an error occurs, then nullptr is returned.
* The caller must delete the clone.
*
* @return a clone of this object
*
* @see getDynamicClassID
* @stable ICU 2.8
*/
StringSearch *clone() const;
// operator overloading ---------------------------------------------
/**
* Assignment operator. Sets this iterator to have the same behavior,
* and iterate over the same text, as the one passed in.
* @param that instance to be copied.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
StringSearch & operator=(const StringSearch &that);
/**
* Equality operator.
* @param that instance to be compared.
* @return true if both instances have the same attributes,
* breakiterators, collators and iterate over the same text
* while looking for the same pattern.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual bool operator==(const SearchIterator &that) const override;
// public get and set methods ----------------------------------------
/**
* Sets the index to point to the given position, and clears any state
* that's affected.
* <p>
* This method takes the argument index and sets the position in the text
* string accordingly without checking if the index is pointing to a
* valid starting point to begin searching.
* @param position within the text to be set. If position is less
* than or greater than the text range for searching,
* an U_INDEX_OUTOFBOUNDS_ERROR will be returned
* @param status for errors if it occurs
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual void setOffset(int32_t position, UErrorCode &status) override;
/**
* Return the current index in the text being searched.
* If the iteration has gone past the end of the text
* (or past the beginning for a backwards search), USEARCH_DONE
* is returned.
* @return current index in the text being searched.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual int32_t getOffset(void) const override;
/**
* Set the target text to be searched.
* Text iteration will hence begin at the start of the text string.
* This method is
* useful if you want to re-use an iterator to search for the same
* pattern within a different body of text.
* @param text text string to be searched
* @param status for errors if any. If the text length is 0 then an
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual void setText(const UnicodeString &text, UErrorCode &status) override;
/**
* Set the target text to be searched.
* Text iteration will hence begin at the start of the text string.
* This method is
* useful if you want to re-use an iterator to search for the same
* pattern within a different body of text.
* Note: No parsing of the text within the <tt>CharacterIterator</tt>
* will be done during searching for this version. The block of text
* in <tt>CharacterIterator</tt> will be used as it is.
* @param text text string to be searched
* @param status for errors if any. If the text length is 0 then an
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual void setText(CharacterIterator &text, UErrorCode &status) override;
/**
* Gets the collator used for the language rules.
* <p>
* Caller may modify but <b>must not</b> delete the <tt>RuleBasedCollator</tt>!
* Modifications to this collator will affect the original collator passed in to
* the <tt>StringSearch></tt> constructor or to setCollator, if any.
* @return collator used for string search
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
RuleBasedCollator * getCollator() const;
/**
* Sets the collator used for the language rules. User retains the
* ownership of this collator, thus the responsibility of deletion lies
* with the user. The iterator's position will not be changed by this method.
* @param coll collator
* @param status for errors if any
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
void setCollator(RuleBasedCollator *coll, UErrorCode &status);
/**
* Sets the pattern used for matching.
* The iterator's position will not be changed by this method.
* @param pattern search pattern to be found
* @param status for errors if any. If the pattern length is 0 then an
* U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR is returned.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
void setPattern(const UnicodeString &pattern, UErrorCode &status);
/**
* Gets the search pattern.
* @return pattern used for matching
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
const UnicodeString & getPattern() const;
// public methods ----------------------------------------------------
/**
* Reset the iteration.
* Search will begin at the start of the text string if a forward
* iteration is initiated before a backwards iteration. Otherwise if
* a backwards iteration is initiated before a forwards iteration, the
* search will begin at the end of the text string.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual void reset() override;
/**
* Returns a copy of StringSearch with the same behavior, and
* iterating over the same text, as this one. Note that all data will be
* replicated, except for the user-specified collator and the
* breakiterator.
* @return cloned object
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual StringSearch * safeClone() const override;
/**
* ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class.
*
* @stable ICU 2.2
*/
virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override;
/**
* ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class.
*
* @stable ICU 2.2
*/
static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID();
protected:
// protected method -------------------------------------------------
/**
* Search forward for matching text, starting at a given location.
* Clients should not call this method directly; instead they should
* call {@link SearchIterator#next }.
* <p>
* If a match is found, this method returns the index at which the match
* starts and calls {@link SearchIterator#setMatchLength } with the number
* of characters in the target text that make up the match. If no match
* is found, the method returns <tt>USEARCH_DONE</tt>.
* <p>
* The <tt>StringSearch</tt> is adjusted so that its current index
* (as returned by {@link #getOffset }) is the match position if one was
* found.
* If a match is not found, <tt>USEARCH_DONE</tt> will be returned and
* the <tt>StringSearch</tt> will be adjusted to the index USEARCH_DONE.
* @param position The index in the target text at which the search
* starts
* @param status for errors if any occurs
* @return The index at which the matched text in the target starts, or
* USEARCH_DONE if no match was found.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual int32_t handleNext(int32_t position, UErrorCode &status) override;
/**
* Search backward for matching text, starting at a given location.
* Clients should not call this method directly; instead they should call
* <tt>SearchIterator.previous()</tt>, which this method overrides.
* <p>
* If a match is found, this method returns the index at which the match
* starts and calls {@link SearchIterator#setMatchLength } with the number
* of characters in the target text that make up the match. If no match
* is found, the method returns <tt>USEARCH_DONE</tt>.
* <p>
* The <tt>StringSearch</tt> is adjusted so that its current index
* (as returned by {@link #getOffset }) is the match position if one was
* found.
* If a match is not found, <tt>USEARCH_DONE</tt> will be returned and
* the <tt>StringSearch</tt> will be adjusted to the index USEARCH_DONE.
* @param position The index in the target text at which the search
* starts.
* @param status for errors if any occurs
* @return The index at which the matched text in the target starts, or
* USEARCH_DONE if no match was found.
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
virtual int32_t handlePrev(int32_t position, UErrorCode &status) override;
private :
StringSearch() = delete; // default constructor not implemented
// private data members ----------------------------------------------
/**
* Pattern text
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
UnicodeString m_pattern_;
/**
* String search struct data
* @stable ICU 2.0
*/
UStringSearch *m_strsrch_;
};
U_NAMESPACE_END
#endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION */
#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */
#endif
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