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# Multi instance version of MariaDB
#
# Use this if you run multiple instances of MariaDB on a single server.
#
# This systemd service is not suitable for Galera as specialised SST recovery
# scripts are needed.
#
#
# It's not recommended to modify this file in-place, because it will be
# overwritten during package upgrades. If you want to customize, the
# best way is to create a file "/etc/systemd/system/mariadb@.service",
# containing
# .include /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb@.service
# ...make your changes here...
# or create a file "/etc/systemd/system/mariadb@.service.d/foo.conf",
# which doesn't need to include ".include" call and which will be parsed
# after the file mariadb@.service itself is parsed.
#
# For more info about custom unit files, see systemd.unit(5) or
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/systemd/
#
# Copyright notice:
#
# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
#
# MULTI INSTANCES
#
# When multiple instances of MariaDB are running on a server they need to
# ensure that they don't conflict with each other. This includes elements
# like network ports, sockets and data directories listed under CONFLICTING
# VARIABLES below. The systemd environment variable MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE
# controls each instance to ensure it is run independently. It is passed to
# mariadbd and mysql_install
#
# By default, a group suffix exists and within the default configuration
# files, a group [mariadbd.{instancename}] is read for each service. Other
# default groups, like [server.{instancename}] and [mariadb.{instancename}],
# are also read. For each instance, one of the groups will need to contain
# the conflicting variables listed below under CONFLICTING VARIABLES.
#
# The MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE environment used is:
# Environment='MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE=--defaults-group-suffix=.%I --basedir=/usr'
#
#
# APPLYING YOUR MULTI INSTANCE MECHANISM
#
# To apply one of the non-default multi-instance mechanisms, create a file
# "/etc/systemd/system/mariadb@.service.d/multi.conf" containing:
#
# [Service]
# Environment=MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE="...."
#
# Include any other settings you which to override. Directives like Exec* are
# lists and adding a directive will append to the list. You can clear the list
# by starting with "Directive=" and no value. Follow this by the list that you
# do want. See the systemd.unit(5) manual page for more information.
#
# Then run "systemctl daemon-reload".
#
#
# EXAMPLE MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE CONFIGURATIONS
#
# Configuration File Based Mechanism:
#
# This has a configuration file per instance.
#
# [Unit]
# ConditionPathExists=/etc/my.%I.cnf
#
# [Service]
# Environment=MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE=--defaults-file=/etc/my.%I.cnf
#
# Here you need to create a configuration file /etc/my.%I.cnf for each
# instance, each containing the conflicting variables to separate instances.
#
#
# Multi User Based Mechanism:
#
# Here each user (the instance name) has their own mysql instance.
#
# Create instances in users home directory with abstract socket:
#
# [Service]
# User=%I
# ProtectHome=false
# ExecStartPre=
# ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql_install_db $MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE \
# --auth-root-authentication-method=socket --auth-root-socket-user=%I
# Environment=MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE="--defaults-file=/home/%I/my%I.cnf \
# --datadir=/home/%I/mysqldatadir --skip-networking --socket=@mysql-%I"
#
#
# Command Line Mechanism:
#
# This is a good way run multiple instance where there is little difference
# in configuration between instances.
#
# [Service]
# Environment=MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE="--socket=/run/mysqld/%I.sock \
# --datadir=/var/lib/mysqld-multi/%I \
# --skip-networking"
#
#
# CONFLICTING VARIABLES
#
# A number of MariaDB system variables may conflict. The main ones that need to
# be set because their default values will conflict are:
# * socket
# * port
# * datadir
#
#
# PRE-10.4
#
# Before 10.4 MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE was effectively --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf.d/my%I.cnf
# As /etc/my.cnf included these files it was a bad choice as an
# existing single instance would include all these files. If you want to
# continue a file based multi-instance mariadbd, recommend the Configuration File
# Based Mechanism above and moving /etc/my.cnf.d/my%I.cnf files to /etc/my%I.cnf.
#
#
# SELINUX
#
# As basic selinux rules are written around a single instance of MariaDB you may need
# to define labels for the files and network ports of all instances.
#
# See: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/what-to-do-if-mariadb-doesnt-start/#selinux
#
#
# STARTING
#
# Start the instance: systemctl start mariadb@{instancename}.service
#
#
# DOCUMENTATION:
#
# Read https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/systemd/ regarding customisation.
#
# Also see systemd man pages: systemd.unit(5), systemd.exec(5) and
# systemd.service(5)
[Unit]
Description=MariaDB 10.6.20 database server (multi-instance %I)
Documentation=man:mariadbd(8)
Documentation=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
After=network.target
# Negated condition here is because 10.3 and before had /etc/my.cnf.d/my%I.cnf
# as the configuration difference for multiple instances. This condition here
# to prevent an accidental change during an upgrade in the case the user
# created these file(s).
#
## See Environment=MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE below for current recommended options.
ConditionPathExists=!/etc/my.cnf.d/my%I.cnf
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
##############################################################################
## Core requirements
##
Type=notify
# Setting this to true can break replication and the Type=notify settings
# See also bind-address mariadbd option.
PrivateNetwork=false
##############################################################################
## Package maintainers
##
# CAP_IPC_LOCK To allow memlock to be used as non-root user
# CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE To allow auth_pam_tool (which is SUID root) to read /etc/shadow when it's chmod 0
# does nothing for non-root, not needed if /etc/shadow is u+r
# CAP_AUDIT_WRITE auth_pam_tool needs it on Debian for whatever reason
AmbientCapabilities=CAP_IPC_LOCK CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE CAP_AUDIT_WRITE
# PrivateDevices=true implies NoNewPrivileges=true and
# SUID auth_pam_tool suddenly doesn't do setuid anymore
PrivateDevices=false
# Prevent writes to /usr, /boot, and /etc
ProtectSystem=full
# Requires kernel 4.14 or later and SELinux transition rule for mysqld_t
# (https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3845)
# NoNewPrivileges=true
# Prevent accessing /home, /root and /run/user
ProtectHome=true
# Needed to create system tables etc.
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql_install_db $MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE
# Start main service
# A few variables are here:
# * MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE - control how multiple instances are distinguisable
# * MYSQLD_OPTS - user definable extras - not a replacement for my.cnf
#
# Note 1: Place $MYSQLD_OPTS at the very end for its options to take precedence.
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mariadbd $MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE $MYSQLD_OPTS
KillSignal=SIGTERM
# Don't want to see an automated SIGKILL ever
SendSIGKILL=no
# Restart crashed server only, on-failure would also restart, for example, when
# my.cnf contains unknown option
Restart=on-abort
RestartSec=5s
UMask=007
##############################################################################
## USERs can override
##
##
## by creating a file in /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/MY_SPECIAL.conf
## and adding/setting the following below [Service] will override this file's
## settings.
# Useful options not previously available in [mysqld_safe]
# Kernels like killing mariadbd when out of memory because its big.
# Lets temper that preference a little.
# OOMScoreAdjust=-600
# Explicitly start with high IO priority
# BlockIOWeight=1000
# If you don't use the /tmp directory for SELECT ... OUTFILE and
# LOAD DATA INFILE you can enable PrivateTmp=true for a little more security.
PrivateTmp=false
# Set an explicit Start and Stop timeout of 900 seconds (15 minutes!)
# this is the same value as used in SysV init scripts in the past
# if you need a longer timeout, check the KB:
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/#configuring-the-systemd-service-timeout
TimeoutStartSec=900
TimeoutStopSec=900
# Set the maximium number of tasks (threads) to 99% of what the system can
# handle as set by the kernel, reserve the 1% for a remote ssh connection,
# some monitoring, or that backup cron job. Without the directive this would
# be 15% (see DefaultTasksMax in systemd man pages).
TasksMax=99%
# Controlling how multiple instances are separated. See top of this file.
# Note: This service isn't User=mysql by default so we need to be explicit.
# It is as an option here as a user may want to use the MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE
# to run multiple versions.
Environment='MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE=--defaults-group-suffix=.%I'
# While you can override these, you shouldn't leave them empty as that
# will default to root.
User=mysql
Group=mysql
##
## Options previously available to be set via [mysqld_safe]
## that now needs to be set by systemd config files as mysqld_safe
## isn't executed.
##
# Number of files limit. previously [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit
LimitNOFILE=32768
# Maximium core size. previously [mysqld_safe] core-file-size
# LimitCore=
# Nice priority. previously [mysqld_safe] nice
# Nice=-5
# Timezone. previously [mysqld_safe] timezone
# Environment="TZ=UTC"
# Library substitutions. previously [mysqld_safe] malloc-lib with explicit paths
# (in LD_LIBRARY_PATH) and library name (in LD_PRELOAD).
# Environment="LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path1 /path2" "LD_PRELOAD=
# Flush caches. previously [mysqld_safe] flush-caches=1
# ExecStartPre=sync
# ExecStartPre=sysctl -q -w vm.drop_caches=3
# numa-interleave=1 equalivant
# Change ExecStart=numactl --interleave=all /usr/sbin/mariadbd......
# crash-script equalivent
# FailureAction=
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