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    the necessary privileges, see journalctl(1) for details.  Unprivileged users
    can access only their own journal.

    Example usage to print out all informational or higher level messages for
    systemd-udevd for this boot:

    >>> from systemd import journal
    >>> j = journal.Reader()
    >>> j.this_boot()
    >>> j.log_level(journal.LOG_INFO)
    >>> j.add_match(_SYSTEMD_UNIT="systemd-udevd.service")
    >>> for entry in j:                                 # doctest: +SKIP
    ...    print(entry['MESSAGE'])
    starting version ...

    See systemd.journal-fields(7) for more info on typical fields found in the
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    Ncs�|dkr"|dkr|dkrt}nd}tt|�j|||�tjdkrnt�|_|dk	r^|jjj	|�|jjj	t
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j�|_|dk	r�|jj|�dS)a�Create a new Reader.

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        and SYSTEM_ONLY opens only journal files of system services and the kernel.

        Argument `path` is the directory of journal files, either a file system
        path or a file descriptor. Note that `flags`, `path`, and `files` are
        exclusive.

        Argument `converters` is a dictionary which updates the
        DEFAULT_CONVERTERS to convert journal field values. Field names are used
        as keys into this dictionary. The values must be single argument
        functions, which take a `bytes` object and return a converted
        value. When there's no entry for a field name, then the default UTF-8
        decoding will be attempted. If the conversion fails with a ValueError,
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        creation.

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        future this might be changed to a different mapping type, so the
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        )r_)rKrjr%r%r&�get_previousszReader.get_previouscs$t��fdd�tt��j��D��S)z�Return a list of unique values appearing in the journal for the given
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t|d�}tt|�j|�S)aEWait for a change in the journal.

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        removed).
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        microseconds since the beginning of the UNIX epoch), or an float UNIX
        timestamp (in seconds since the beginning of the UNIX epoch), or a
        datetime.datetime instance. The integer form is deprecated.

        >>> import time
        >>> from systemd import journal

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||�S)aGSeek to a matching journal entry nearest to `monotonic` time.

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r?cCst|tj�r|j}t|�S)zlReturn catalog entry for the specified ID.

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rbcKs�d|g}|dk	r,t|d|�}|jd|�||koH|koHdknrltjdd�ddd�\}}}|dk	r�|jd	|�|dk	r�|jd
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�|j�D��t|�S)aASend a message to the journal.

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    >>> journal.send('Hello world')
    >>> journal.send('Hello, again, world', FIELD2='Greetings!')
    >>> journal.send('Binary message', BINARY=b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef')

    Value of the MESSAGE argument will be used for the MESSAGE= field. MESSAGE
    must be a string and will be sent as UTF-8 to the journal.

    MESSAGE_ID can be given to uniquely identify the type of message. It must be
    a string or a uuid.UUID object.

    CODE_LINE, CODE_FILE, and CODE_FUNC can be specified to identify the caller.
    Unless at least on of the three is given, values are extracted from the
    stack frame of the caller of send(). CODE_FILE and CODE_FUNC must be
    strings, CODE_LINE must be an integer.

    Additional fields for the journal entry can only be specified as keyword
    arguments. The payload can be either a string or bytes. A string will be
    sent as UTF-8, and bytes will be sent as-is to the journal.

    Other useful fields include PRIORITY, SYSLOG_FACILITY, SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER,
    SYSLOG_PID.
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tjd}t|||�}tj|dd�S)a�Return a file object wrapping a stream to journal.

    Log messages written to this file as simple newline sepearted text strings
    are written to the journal.

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    newline character is written.

    >>> from systemd import journal
    >>> stream = journal.stream('myapp')                       # doctest: +SKIP
    >>> res = stream.write('message...\n')                     # doctest: +SKIP

    will produce the following message in the journal::

      PRIORITY=7
      SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=myapp
      MESSAGE=message...

    If identifier is None, a suitable default based on sys.argv[0] will be used.

    This interface can be used conveniently with the print function:

    >>> from __future__ import print_function
    >>> stream = journal.stream()                              # doctest: +SKIP
    >>> print('message...', file=stream)                       # doctest: +SKIP

    priority is the syslog priority, one of `LOG_EMERG`, `LOG_ALERT`,
    `LOG_CRIT`, `LOG_ERR`, `LOG_WARNING`, `LOG_NOTICE`, `LOG_INFO`, `LOG_DEBUG`.

    level_prefix is a boolean. If true, kernel-style log priority level prefixes
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    >>> log = logging.getLogger('custom_logger_name')
    >>> log.propagate = False
    >>> log.addHandler(JournalHandler())
    >>> log.warning("Some message: %s", 'detail')

    Note that by default, message levels `INFO` and `DEBUG` are ignored by the
    logging framework. To enable those log levels:

    >>> log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    To redirect all logging messages to journal regardless of where they come
    from, attach it to the root logger:

    >>> logging.root.addHandler(JournalHandler())

    For more complex configurations when using `dictConfig` or `fileConfig`,
    specify `systemd.journal.JournalHandler` as the handler class.  Only
    standard handler configuration options are supported: `level`, `formatter`,
    `filters`.

    To attach journal MESSAGE_ID, an extra field is supported:

    >>> import uuid
    >>> mid = uuid.UUID('0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF')
    >>> log.warning("Message with ID", extra={'MESSAGE_ID': mid})

    Fields to be attached to all messages sent through this handler can be
    specified as keyword arguments. This probably makes sense only for
    SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER and similar fields which are constant for the whole
    program:

    >>> JournalHandler(SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER='my-cool-app')
    <...JournalHandler ...>

    The following journal fields will be sent: `MESSAGE`, `PRIORITY`,
    `THREAD_NAME`, `CODE_FILE`, `CODE_LINE`, `CODE_FUNC`, `LOGGER` (name as
    supplied to getLogger call), `MESSAGE_ID` (optional, see above),
    `SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER` (defaults to sys.argv[0]).

    The function used to actually send messages can be overridden using
    the `sender_function` parameter.
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